Sequence-to-structure dependence of isolated IgG Fc complex biantennary N-glycans: a molecular dynamics study

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Sequence-to-structure dependence of isolated IgG Fc complex biantennary N-glycans: a molecular dynamics study

Aoife Harbison, Lorna Brosnan, Keith Fenlon, Elisa Fadda 1

1 Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland

Fc glycosylation of human immunoglobulins G (IgGs) is essential for their structural integrity and activity. Interestingly, the specific nature of the Fc glycoforms is known to modulate the IgG effector function and inflammatory properties. Indeed, while core-fucosylation of IgG Fc-glycans greatly affects the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) function, with obvious repercussions in the design of therapeutic antibodies, sialylation can reverse the antibody inflammatory response, and galactosylation levels have been linked to aging, to the onset of inflammation, and to the predisposition to rheumatoid arthritis. Within the framework of a structure-to-function relationship, we have studied the role of the N-glycan sequence on its intrinsic conformational propensity. Here we report the results of a systematic study, based on extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in excess of 62 μs of cumulative simulation time, on the effect of sequence on the structure and dynamics of increasingly larger, complex biantennary N-glycoforms isolated from the protein, i.e. from chitobiose to the larger N-glycan species commonly found in the Fc region of human IgGs.

Our results show that while core fucosylation and sialylation do not affect the intrinsic dynamics of the unlinked N-glycans, galactosylation of the α(1-6) arm shifts dramatically its conformational equilibrium from an outstretched to a folded conformation. These findings are in agreement with and can help rationalize recent experimental evidence showing a differential recognition of positional isomers in glycan array data and also the preference of sialyltransferase for the more reachable, outstretched α(1-3) arm in both isolated, and Fc-bound N-glycans. Furthermore, I will also discuss recent results of large scale simulations, showing the effects of the IgG Fc region's architecture on the glycans' conformational propensity with implications on molecular recognition and ADCC sequence dependence.

Structure of the intact human IgG B12 antibody (PDB 1hzh) with Fc glycans highlighted in an all-atom (sticks) representation.

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